Technical data for Zirconium

Overview
NameZirconium
SymbolZr
Atomic Number40
Atomic Weight91.224
Density6.511 g/cm3
Melting Point1855 °C
Boiling Point4409 °C

Thermal properties
PhaseSolid
Melting Point1855 °C
Boiling Point4409 °C
Absolute Melting Point2128 K
Absolute Boiling Point4682 K
Heat of Fusion21 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization580 kJ/mol
Heat of CombustionN/A
Specific Heat278 J/(kg K)[note]
Thermal Conductivity23 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion5.7×10-6 K-1

Bulk physical properties
Density6.511 g/cm3
Density (Liquid)5.8 g/cm3
Molar Volume0.000014011
Brinell Hardness650 MPa
Mohs Hardness5 MPa
Vickers Hardness903 MPa
Shear Modulus33 GPa
Young Modulus68 GPa
Poisson Ratio0.34
Speed of Sound3.8×103 m/s
Thermal Conductivity23 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion5.7×10-6 K-1

Reactivity
Valence4
Electronegativity1.33
ElectronAffinity41.1 kJ/mol
Ionization Energies
640.1, 1270, 2218, 3313, 7752, 9.5×103 kJ/mol

Health and Safety
Autoignition PointN/A
FlashpointN/A

Classifications
Alternate NamesNone
Nams of AllotropesNone
Blockd
Group4
Period5
Electron Configuration[Kr]4d25s2
ColorSilver
Discovery
1789 in Germany
Gas phaseN/A
CAS NumberCAS7440-67-7

Electrical properties
Electrical TypeConductor
Electrical Conductivity2.4×106 S/m
Resistivity4.2×10-7 m Ω
Superconducting Point0.61

Magnetic properties
Magnetic TypeParamagnetic
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility1.66×10-8
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility1.514×10-9
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility0.0001081

Abundances
% in Universe5×10-6%
% in Sun4×10-6%
% in Meteorites0.00066%
% in Earth's Crust0.013%
% in Oceans2.6×10-9%
% in Humans5×10-6%

Atomic dimensions and structure
Atomic Radius206 pm
Covalent Radius148 pm
Van der Waals RadiusN/A
Crystal StructureSimple Hexagonal
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice Constants
323.2, 323.2, 514.7 pm
Space Group NameP63/mmc
Space Group Number194

Nuclear Properties
Half-LifeStable
LifetimeStable
Stable Isotopes
90Zr, 91Zr, 92Zr, 94Zr
Isotopic Abundances
90Zr51.45%
91Zr11.22%
92Zr17.15%
94Zr17.38%
96Zr2.8%

Notes on the properties of Zirconium:
Specific Heat: Value given for solid phase.