Technical data for Germanium

Overview
NameGermanium
SymbolGe
Atomic Number32
Atomic Weight72.64
Density5.323 g/cm3
Melting Point938.3 °C
Boiling Point2820 °C

Thermal properties
PhaseSolid
Melting Point938.3 °C
Boiling Point2820 °C
Absolute Melting Point1211.4 K
Absolute Boiling Point3093 K
Heat of Fusion31.8 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization334 kJ/mol
Heat of Combustion-536 J/(kg K)
Specific Heat321.4 J/(kg K)[note]
Thermal Conductivity60 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion6×10-6 K-1

Bulk physical properties
Density5.323 g/cm3
Density (Liquid)5.6 g/cm3
Molar Volume0.000013646
Mohs Hardness6 MPa
Speed of Sound5.4×103 m/s
Thermal Conductivity60 W/(m K)
Thermal Expansion6×10-6 K-1

Reactivity
Valence4
Electronegativity2.01
ElectronAffinity119 kJ/mol
Ionization Energies
762, 1537.5, 3302.1, 4411, 9020 kJ/mol

Health and Safety
Autoignition PointN/A
FlashpointN/A

Classifications
Alternate NamesNone
Nams of AllotropesNone
Blockp
Group14
Period4
Electron Configuration[Ar]3d104s24p2
ColorGray
Discovery
1886 in Germany
Gas phaseN/A
CAS NumberCAS7440-56-4

Electrical properties
Electrical TypeSemiconductor
Electrical Conductivity2×103 S/m
Resistivity0.0005 m Ω
Superconducting PointN/A

Magnetic properties
Magnetic TypeDiamagnetic
Curie PointN/A
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility-1.5×10-9
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility-1.09×10-10
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility-7.98×10-6

Abundances
% in Universe0.00002%
% in Sun0.00002%
% in Meteorites0.0021%
% in Earth's Crust0.00014%
% in Oceans6×10-9%
% in HumansN/A

Atomic dimensions and structure
Atomic Radius125 pm
Covalent Radius122 pm
Van der Waals RadiusN/A
Crystal StructureFace Centered Cubic
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice Constants
565.75, 565.75, 565.75 pm
Space Group NameFm_ 3m
Space Group Number225

Nuclear Properties
Half-LifeStable
LifetimeStable
Stable Isotopes
70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74Ge
Isotopic Abundances
70Ge20.84%
72Ge27.54%
73Ge7.73%
74Ge36.28%
76Ge7.61%

Notes on the properties of Germanium:
Specific Heat: Value given for solid phase.