Technical data for Sulfur

Overview
NameSulfur
SymbolS
Atomic Number16
Atomic Weight32.065
Density1.96 g/cm3
Melting Point115.21 °C[note]
Boiling Point444.72 °C

Thermal properties
PhaseSolid
Melting Point115.21 °C[note]
Boiling Point444.72 °C
Absolute Melting Point388.36 K[note]
Absolute Boiling Point717.87 K
Critical Presure20.7 MPa (204.3 Atm)
Critical Temperature1314 K
Heat of Fusion1.73 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization9.8 kJ/mol
Heat of CombustionN/A
Specific Heat705 J/(kg K)[note]
Thermal Conductivity0.205 W/(m K)
Thermal ExpansionN/A

Bulk physical properties
Density1.96 g/cm3
Density (Liquid)1.819 g/cm3
Molar Volume0.00001636
Brinell HardnessN/A
Mohs Hardness2 MPa
Vickers HardnessN/A
Bulk Modulus7.7 GPa
Shear ModulusN/A
Young ModulusN/A
Poisson RatioN/A
Refractive Index1.001111
Speed of SoundN/A
Thermal Conductivity0.205 W/(m K)
Thermal ExpansionN/A

Reactivity
Valence6
Electronegativity2.58
ElectronAffinity200 kJ/mol
Ionization Energies
999.6, 2252, 3357, 4556, 7004.3, 8495.8, 27107, 31719, 36621, 43177 kJ/mol

Health and Safety
Autoignition PointN/A
FlashpointN/A

Classifications
Alternate NamesSulphur
Nams of Allotropes
RhombicSulphur, MonoclinicSulphur, AmorphousSulphur
Blockp
Group16
Period3
Electron Configuration[Ne]3s23p4
ColorYellow
Discovery
500 BC
Gas phaseN/A
CAS NumberCAS7704-34-9

Electrical properties
Electrical TypeInsulator
Electrical Conductivity1×10-15 S/m
Resistivity1×1015 m Ω
Superconducting PointN/A

Magnetic properties
Magnetic TypeDiamagnetic
Curie PointN/A
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility-6.2×10-9
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility-1.99×10-10
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility-0.0000122

Abundances
% in Universe0.05%
% in Sun0.04%
% in Meteorites4%
% in Earth's Crust0.042%
% in Oceans0.093%
% in Humans0.2%

Atomic dimensions and structure
Atomic Radius88 pm
Covalent Radius102 pm
Van der Waals Radius180 pm
Crystal StructureFace Centered Orthorhombic
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice Constants
1043.7, 1284.5, 2436.9 pm
Space Group NameFddd
Space Group Number70

Nuclear Properties
Half-LifeStable
LifetimeStable
Stable Isotopes
32S, 33S, 34S, 36S
Isotopic Abundances
32S94.93%
33S0.76%
34S4.29%
36S0.02%

Notes on the properties of Sulfur:
Absolute Melting Point: Value given for monoclinic, beta form.
Melting Point: Value given for monoclinic, beta form.
Specific Heat: Value given for solid rhombic form.